Periodization can be defined as the division of the annual training plan into smaller and more manage- able phases of training. This approach permits one as­pect of fitness to be the focus of training, white main­taining the development of other aspects. In essence a periodized training program is really about being an organized and systematic coach. The transition from training to racing is commonly referred to as the ta­per and is characterized by a reduction in the volume of training and the development of race speed. Both periodization and the taper lead to the peaking of performance necessary for high-level and interna­tional competition.

From a physiological viewpoint, there are several reasons for a periodized and balanced training program leading up to major competition :

1. A higher training load without excessive fatigue.
2.  Faster recovery and regeneration.
3. Maintaining performances close to their maximum for a long period of time.
4. Correct peaking for the major competition of the year.
5. Maintaining a basic level of fitness over a long pe­riod of training (or even a period of reduced training).
6. A greater degree of specificity for individual events.
7. A more efficient and effective taper (and supercom­pensation) process.
8. More complete adaptation to training without two or three parts of the program interfering with each other when trained concurrently.
9. Better planning for both major and minor competi­tions.
10. More effective integration of sports science support with the training program.